Tag: Cryogenics
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Efficiency meets environmental responsibility: commissioning CERN’s primary CO₂ cooling circuit
The ATLAS and CMS detectors require ultra-low, stable temperatures to protect their sensitive electronics. Traditional cooling systems rely on synthetic refrigerants like hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which, while effective, have a global warming potential thousands of times greater than CO₂. Seeking a sustainable alternative, CERN has turned to CO₂ itself – a natural refrigerant with a far







