To recreate conditions similar to those of the very early universe, powerful accelerators make head-on collisions between massive ions, such as gold or lead nuclei. Learn more about CERN's heavy ion collisions here.
With only three weeks left until CERN’s annual closure, the end of the 2025 run is approaching fast. In less than two weeks, all the beams throughout the accelerator complex will be stopped
On 6 October, the total integrated luminosity passed the symbolic mark of 100 fb⁻¹, exceeding the forecast curve. This allowed the bunch intensity to be increased to explore the intensity reach and limitations in view of the HL-LHC era
As the 2025 LHC run enters its final ten weeks, strong performance pushes luminosity past 90 inverse femtobarns, while lead-ion preparations are ahead of schedule
On 19 May, the LHC reached 1200 bunches per beam, a level that is considered meaningful for physics. The full intensity of 2460 bunches per beam could be achieved before the end of the week
Lead-ion physics at the LHC and the SPS North Area is already under way and progressing well. The final lead-ion user in the PS East Area started its physics run on 13 November